You can select elements by text in XPath by using the contains(text(), "Text string") or text()="Text string" expression. The first expression will match any element that contains the "Text string" sub-string. However, the second expression will match only those elements that contain this exact string.

You can select elements by class in XPath by using the contains(@class, "class-name") or @class="class-name" expressions. The first expression will match any element that contains class-name . Even if the element has additional classes defined it will still match.

Selecting Elements by Partial Class Name This can be achieved using the starts-with or ends-with functions in XPath. For example, the expression //div[starts-with(@class, 'partial-class')] will select all <div> elements whose class attribute starts with 'partial-class'.

To locate the parent or ancestors of a particular element using XPath, you can use the “ancestor-or-self” axis method. This method allows you to select the specified element itself and all of its ancestors in the document tree.